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GMU:Einführung ins Programmieren mit Processing/part II (view source)
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= task 11/11: Practice: sketch with more complex shapes = | |||
You already got to know how to draw basic shapes, now have a look into more complex | |||
shapes. Shapes with more corner points can be created by the functions beginShape() and | |||
endShape(). You’ll find the explanation and examples in the reference under the topic shape | |||
>> vertex >> beginShape >> http://processing.org/reference/beginShape_.html | |||
Try a few of the examples out and choose one of the shapes to create a pattern composition. | |||
Remember the nested for-loop. Think about variations in color for the shape or lines. If you | |||
want use translations (like rotations, scaling in the pattern) feel free to use them. | |||
Make 3 different versions of the sketch. | |||
= task 11/11: Text: visual pattern 2nd look = | |||
=== Dianna Mertz: Textile on a Chair === | |||
[[File:Chair4.jpg]] | |||
To write the code for this pattern, you could set the background fill to (0). Then, there could be one main "for" structure, that continually repeats itself horizontally for the width of the window. Within this structure, there would be two sub "for" structures: A + B. The first (A) would feature the thicker main vertical set, and the second (B) would feature the thinner vertical set. Each set would be spaced roughly 1 inch (or <i>x</i> pixels) apart from each other. | |||
For each of the two vertical sets, we could create a stack of lines of varying thicknesses on top of each other. The bottom layer would have the heaviest weight, and the top layers the lightest weight. Within each of the two sets, each line would be centered, so that an equal part of the line appears from both sides as we move towards the center of the vertical set. As we approach the center of each set, we would have to create: | |||
A) The vertical sine wave mirrored upon itself vertically | |||
and | |||
B) The vertically stacked flowers | |||
For A), we create a trigonometic (sine wave) function. Perhaps we use another "for" structure with a float + sin() function. | |||
For B), we create yet another "for" structure, this time repeating an image along a vertical line. | |||
=== Patawat P: Textile on Pizza Chilino === | |||
[[File:Joey_Pizza.png|400px]] | |||
If we focus closely to this Chilio Pizza, we would see that the pizza contains with many layers. Each layer is decorated with vegetables, cheese and meat. However, the distance between each asset doesn't random itself, there is a hidden pattern which each edible lays far from each other by almost constant distance. | |||
To make sketch of this pizza, we would follow these processes below: | |||
1) Make a pizza flour base layer by drawing an ellipse and fill with cream or yellow color. <br/>'''Function''': ''ellipse()'',''fill()'' <br/><br/> | |||
2) Put a concentrate tomato sauce by drawing another layer on top of pizza flour, after that, fill red color. <br/>'''Function''': ''ellipse()'',''fill()'', ''pushMatrix()'', ''popMatrix()''<br/><br/> | |||
3) Create salamis() function by drawing ellipses and put little white spots on around salamis' surface. <br/>'''Function''': ''ellipse()'',''fill()'', ''point()'', ''random()'' <br/><br/> | |||
4) Spread salamis around the pizza with random() function BUT not further than pizza flour edge(2*PI*radian). Furthermore, we could use ''For loop'' or ''While loop'' iteration to identify a number of salamis we need. <br/>'''Function''': ''salamis()'', ''random()'',''constrain()'' <br/><br/> | |||
5) Repeat 3) and 4) to drop more tomatoes, chilis, basils and mozarella cheese layer by layer. Moreover, we could rotate assets to make it more real pizza by rotating function.<br/>'''Function''': ''tomatoes()'', ''chilis()'', ''basils()'', ''mozarella()'', ''random()'', ''rotate()''<br/><br/> | |||
6) Enjoy your Pizza Chilino :) | |||
=== Florian Meyer: Fake 3D === | |||
[[File:pattern_rhombus.jpg|400px]] <br><br> | |||
One single cube consists of 3 rhombs which can be drawn simply by using the<br> | |||
”beginShape()-endShape()” method. Besides, the values of their coordinates<br> | |||
and colours depends on the angle of perspective from which we want to look<br> | |||
at the cube. After that we have to make a row by using the 'for loop ' and<br> | |||
another 'nested loop' for making the columns. As we can see in the image,<br> | |||
each column underneath isn't placed exactly in same order as their previous<br> | |||
ones are. There are shifted sideways by half the size of a single cube for<br> | |||
each time the nested 'for loop' is calculating a further one.<br> | |||
[[File:pattern_rhombus2.jpg|left|thumb|wrong!]] | |||
We have to consider that moving the columns in only one horizontal direction <br> | |||
will cause a bad looking stairway. To get rid of that, we have to find a way <br> | |||
to turn the values from every 2nd counting step the nested loop does, into <br> | |||
negative values instead of just adding them, so that each 2nd column is placed <br> | |||
back to its original starting position. This can be done for example by declaring <br> | |||
a new variable that is working as a multiplying operator and carries switching <br> | |||
values of 1 and -1.<br><br><br><br><br><br> | |||
[[File:pattern_rhombus3.jpg|left|thumb|fixed!]] | |||
=== Sofakissen === | |||
[[File:sofakissen.jpg]] | |||
Um dieses Muster zu beschreiben bräuchte man eine for-Schleife. Je nachdem wie oft sich das Muster wiederholen soll wird der Endwert festgelegt. Zum Beispiel auf 8. Diese Anzahl an Iterationen wird benötigt um das Muster einmal ohne Wiederholhung darzustellen. | |||
Beginnen würde man beim ersten großen gelborangen Rechteck von links. Danach zeichnet man die kleinen Quadrate mit den roten kleinen Rechtecken dazwischen von oben bis nach unten. Dann das Orange Rechteck und dann wieder die kleinen Quadrate mit den roten kleinen Rechtecken. Jetzt folgt wieder das erste gelborange Rechteck. Danach wieder die kleinen Quadrate mit den kleinen roten kleinen Rechtecken. Jetzt folgt ein großes Rechteck und zum Schluss wieder die Quadrate mit den kleinen roten Rechtecken. | |||
In einem Pseudocode könnte dies so aussehen: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> | |||
for: i=0; i<8; ++i | |||
if: i mod 4 = 0 | |||
draw yellow-orange rectangle | |||
if: i mod 4 = 1 or 3 | |||
draw little squares and a red rectangle between two of them // from the top to the bottom | |||
if: i = 2 | |||
draw orange rectangle | |||
if: i = 6 | |||
draw big red rectangle | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Tristan Weis: Sofastoff=== | |||
[[File:Couchclothpattern.jpg|400px]] | |||
[[File:Couchclothpatternsketch.jpg|400px]] | |||
Das Muster wird mit zwei ineinander greifenden for-Schleifen eingeleitet; eine für die horizontale und eine für die vertikale Wiederholung. Eine Variable wird bei jeder Ausführung der Schleife erhöht. Ist dieser Counter gerade, so werden vier parallele Linien von rechts nach links gezeichnet, deren Anfangs- und Endpunkte jeweils in Abhängigkeit zu den Schleifenvariablen stehen. Wenn der Counter ungerade ist, so werden in gleicher Weise fünf parallele Linien von oben nach unten gezeichnet. | |||
Die parallelen Linien können auch in (zwei unterschiedliche) for-Schleifen gepackt werden, womit das Muster in insgesamt vier for-Schleifen aufgelöst wird. | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> | |||
int patternsize = 50; | |||
int count = 0; | |||
for (int ex = 0; ex <= width; ex = ex+patternsize) | |||
{ | |||
count++; | |||
for (int yp = 0; yp <= height; yp = yp+patternsize) | |||
{ | |||
count++; | |||
float test = pow(-1, count); | |||
float linespacing = patternsize; | |||
if (test==1) | |||
{ | |||
for (int verti = 1; verti <= 4; verti++) | |||
{ | |||
line(ex-(linespacing/20), (verti*linespacing/5)+yp, (linespacing+(linespacing/20))+ex, (verti*linespacing/5)+yp); | |||
} | |||
} | |||
else | |||
{ | |||
for (int hori = 1; hori <= 5; hori++) | |||
{ | |||
line((hori*linespacing/6)+ex, yp-(linespacing/20), (hori*linespacing/6)+ex, (linespacing+(linespacing/20))+yp); | |||
} | |||
} | |||
} | |||
} | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Lu: Spider === | |||
[[File:Spider0.jpg]] | |||
Most part of spider consists of symmetrical patterns. The definition of size (width, height, P3D) can let the patterns move around the y-axis and present as the mirror effects. Looking closely to the spider, it can be divided into 4 parts, antenna, head, body, and leg, which are mostly made up by circles and lines. | |||
# The antenna is not a regular pattern,use the shape() to draw on of this and then move it around the Y-axis for (PI). <br/>'''Function''': ''beginShape();endShape();rotateY ();'' | |||
# The head of spider is very simple, only a ellipse. <br/>'''Function''': ''ellipse(), fill()'' | |||
# body can also be seen as collection of ellipse. Two big ellipse are surrounded by 6 small ellipses. <br/>'''Function''': ''ellipse ();fill();for(){};rotate();'' | |||
# The spider has 8 legs, 3 long and 5 short feet. Use for(){} to copy the lines and make it turns in the certain angle. | |||
#'''Function''': '' for(){};line();strokeWeight();rotate();pushMatrix();popMateix();'' | |||
==== Julia Putscher: Growing Ivy ==== | |||
[[File:tree all elements changed.jpg|800px]] | |||
The pattern consists of one basic shape – the shape of the leaves. One leave has an organic figure which could be transformed into a geometric form. This geometric shape exists of three equilateral triangles: the first one is the biggest with the hypotenuse at the bottom. The other two triangles are smaller than the first one. They are half sized and arranged in a diagonal way. Two-thirds of those triangles are inside the bigger triangle. Their top shows one to the left and one to the right side. | |||
The leaves have different sizes which are organized randomly. They are arranged along a line, one to the left and one to the right side by turn. Those lines grow in parallel and even sometimes overlapping. Through this the pattern has an appearance like an organic, random grid which is extendable in all directions. | |||
==== Processing Codes For Similar Patterns ==== | |||
===== First Sketch ===== | |||
[[File:green pattern.jpg]] | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> | |||
int x = 0; | |||
int y = 0; | |||
int t = 0; //color transparency | |||
void setup() | |||
{ | |||
size(600,300); | |||
background(255); | |||
smooth(); | |||
} | |||
void draw() | |||
{ | |||
strokeWeight(0.25); | |||
stroke(0,255,0); | |||
for(int i=0; i<10; i++) | |||
{ | |||
fill(0,255,0,t); | |||
t = t+10; | |||
for(int j=0; j<10; j++) | |||
{ | |||
beginShape(QUAD_STRIP); | |||
vertex(x, y); | |||
vertex(x, y+40); | |||
vertex(x+30, y+40); | |||
vertex(x+30, y); | |||
endShape(); | |||
y += 40; | |||
} | |||
y = 0; | |||
x += 30; | |||
} | |||
} | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
===== Second Sketch ===== | |||
[[File:black pattern.jpg]] | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> | |||
int x = 0; | |||
int y = 0; | |||
int t = 0; | |||
void setup() | |||
{ | |||
size(600,300); | |||
background(0); | |||
smooth(); | |||
} | |||
void draw() | |||
{ | |||
strokeWeight(2); | |||
stroke(255); | |||
for(int i=0; i<10; i++) | |||
{ | |||
fill(255,255,255,t); | |||
t = t+20; | |||
for(int j=0; j<10; j++) | |||
{ | |||
beginShape(QUAD_STRIP); | |||
vertex(x, y); | |||
vertex(x+40, y); | |||
vertex(x+40, y+30); | |||
vertex(x, y+30); | |||
endShape(); | |||
y += 40; | |||
} | |||
y = 0; | |||
x += 30; | |||
} | |||
} | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
===== Third Sketch ===== | |||
[[File:layered pattern.jpg]] | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> | |||
int x = 0; | |||
int y = 0; | |||
int t = 0; //color transparency | |||
void setup() | |||
{ | |||
size(400,300); | |||
background(100); | |||
smooth(); | |||
} | |||
void draw() | |||
{ | |||
strokeWeight(0.25); | |||
stroke(0,255,0); | |||
pushMatrix(); | |||
scale(0.5); | |||
translate(10,300); | |||
rotate(150); | |||
for(int i=0; i<10; i++) | |||
{ | |||
fill(0,255,0,50); | |||
for(int j=0; j<10; j++) | |||
{ | |||
beginShape(QUAD_STRIP); | |||
vertex(x, y); | |||
vertex(x, y+40); | |||
vertex(x+30, y+40); | |||
vertex(x+30, y); | |||
endShape(); | |||
y += 40; | |||
} | |||
y = 0; | |||
x += 30; | |||
} | |||
popMatrix(); | |||
pushMatrix(); | |||
translate(-77,249); | |||
scale(0.5); | |||
rotate(150); | |||
for(int k=0; k<10; k++) | |||
{ | |||
fill(0,255,255,50); | |||
for(int l=0; l<10; l++) | |||
{ | |||
beginShape(QUAD_STRIP); | |||
vertex(x, y); | |||
vertex(x, y+40); | |||
vertex(x+30, y+40); | |||
vertex(x+30, y); | |||
endShape(); | |||
y += 40; | |||
} | |||
y = 0; | |||
x += 30; | |||
} | |||
popMatrix(); | |||
pushMatrix(); | |||
translate(-137,327); | |||
scale(0.5); | |||
rotate(150); | |||
for(int h=0; h<10; h++) | |||
{ | |||
fill(255,255,0,50); | |||
for(int g=0; g<10; g++) | |||
{ | |||
beginShape(QUAD_STRIP); | |||
vertex(x, y); | |||
vertex(x, y+40); | |||
vertex(x+30, y+40); | |||
vertex(x+30, y); | |||
endShape(); | |||
y += 40; | |||
} | |||
y = 0; | |||
x += 30; | |||
} | |||
popMatrix(); | |||
} | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Andreas Dietrich === | |||
Sketches for the practice homework: | |||
===== First Sketch ===== | |||
[[File:Homework AD 1.png]] | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> | |||
int dia=50; | |||
int innerDia=150; | |||
int steps=30; | |||
int steps2=30; | |||
int steps3=30; | |||
int offset1=0; | |||
int offset2=10; | |||
int offset3=20; | |||
size(900, 600); | |||
for (int k=0;k<3; k++) { | |||
for (int l=0;l<2; l++) { | |||
pushMatrix(); | |||
translate(k*innerDia*2+innerDia, 2*innerDia*l+innerDia); | |||
smooth(); | |||
noStroke(); | |||
fill(255); | |||
beginShape(); | |||
for (int i=0; i<360/steps;i++) { | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+offset1))*dia, cos(radians(i*steps+offset1))*dia); | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset1))*innerDia, cos(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset1))*innerDia); | |||
} | |||
endShape(CLOSE); | |||
fill(150); | |||
beginShape(); | |||
for (int i=0; i<360/steps2;i++) { | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps2+offset2))*dia, cos(radians(i*steps2+offset2))*dia); | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps2+steps2/2.0+offset2))*innerDia, cos(radians(i*steps2+steps2/2.0+offset2))*innerDia); | |||
} | |||
endShape(CLOSE); | |||
fill(0); | |||
beginShape(); | |||
for (int i=0; i<360/steps3;i++) { | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps3+offset3))*dia, cos(radians(i*steps3+offset3))*dia); | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps3+steps3/2.0+offset3))*innerDia, cos(radians(i*steps3+steps3/2.0+offset3))*innerDia); | |||
} | |||
endShape(CLOSE); | |||
popMatrix(); | |||
} | |||
} | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
===== Second Sketch ===== | |||
[[File:Homework AD 2.png]] | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> | |||
int dia=50; | |||
int innerDia=150; | |||
int steps=60; | |||
float offset1=0; | |||
float offset2=10; | |||
float offset3=20; | |||
float CONST_OFFSET1=0; | |||
float CONST_OFFSET2=10; | |||
float CONST_OFFSET3=20; | |||
float speed1=1; | |||
float speed2=0.5; | |||
float speed3=0.7; | |||
void setup() { | |||
size(900, 600); | |||
smooth(); | |||
noStroke(); | |||
} | |||
void draw() { | |||
background(255); | |||
for (int k=0;k<3; k++) { | |||
for (int l=0;l<2; l++) { | |||
pushMatrix(); | |||
translate(k*innerDia*2+innerDia, 2*innerDia*l+innerDia); | |||
fill(255, 0, 0); | |||
beginShape(); | |||
for (int i=0; i<360/steps;i++) { | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+offset1))*dia, cos(radians(i*steps+offset1))*dia); | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset1))*innerDia, cos(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset1))*innerDia); | |||
} | |||
endShape(CLOSE); | |||
fill(0, 255, 0); | |||
beginShape(); | |||
for (int i=0; i<360/steps;i++) { | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+offset2))*dia, cos(radians(i*steps+offset2))*dia); | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset2))*innerDia, cos(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset2))*innerDia); | |||
} | |||
endShape(CLOSE); | |||
fill(0, 0, 255); | |||
beginShape(); | |||
for (int i=0; i<360/steps;i++) { | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+offset3))*dia, cos(radians(i*steps+offset3))*dia); | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset3))*innerDia, cos(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset3))*innerDia); | |||
} | |||
endShape(CLOSE); | |||
offset1+=speed1; | |||
offset2+=speed2; | |||
offset3+=speed3; | |||
if (offset1> steps+CONST_OFFSET1) { | |||
offset1=CONST_OFFSET1; | |||
} | |||
if (offset2> steps+CONST_OFFSET2) { | |||
offset2=CONST_OFFSET2; | |||
} | |||
if (offset3> steps+CONST_OFFSET3) { | |||
offset3=CONST_OFFSET3; | |||
} | |||
popMatrix(); | |||
} | |||
} | |||
} | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
===== Third Sketch ===== | |||
[[File:Homework AD 3.png]] | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> | |||
int dia=50; | |||
int innerDia=150; | |||
int steps=30; | |||
float offset1=0; | |||
float offset2=10; | |||
float offset3=20; | |||
float CONST_OFFSET1=0; | |||
float CONST_OFFSET2=10; | |||
float CONST_OFFSET3=20; | |||
float speed1=1; | |||
float speed2=0.5; | |||
float speed3=0.7; | |||
float scaleVal=0.1; | |||
float currentScale=1; | |||
float toScaleVal=1; | |||
void setup() { | |||
size(900, 600); | |||
smooth(); | |||
frameRate(12); | |||
noStroke(); | |||
} | |||
void draw() { | |||
background(255); | |||
for (int k=0;k<3; k++) { | |||
for (int l=0;l<2; l++) { | |||
pushMatrix(); | |||
translate(k*innerDia*2+innerDia, 2*innerDia*l+innerDia); | |||
if (scaleVal>0) { | |||
if (currentScale>=toScaleVal) { | |||
toScaleVal=random(2.0)-1.0; | |||
if (toScaleVal>currentScale) { | |||
scaleVal=+0.1; | |||
} | |||
else { | |||
scaleVal=-0.1; | |||
} | |||
} | |||
} | |||
if (scaleVal<0) { | |||
if (currentScale<=toScaleVal) { | |||
toScaleVal=random(2.0)-1.0; | |||
if (toScaleVal>currentScale) { | |||
scaleVal=+0.01; | |||
} | |||
else { | |||
scaleVal=-0.01; | |||
} | |||
} | |||
} | |||
currentScale+=scaleVal; | |||
scale(currentScale); | |||
fill(255, 0, 0); | |||
beginShape(); | |||
for (int i=0; i<360/steps;i++) { | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+offset1))*dia, cos(radians(i*steps+offset1))*dia); | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset1))*innerDia, cos(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset1))*innerDia); | |||
} | |||
endShape(CLOSE); | |||
fill(0, 255, 0); | |||
beginShape(); | |||
for (int i=0; i<360/steps;i++) { | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+offset2))*dia, cos(radians(i*steps+offset2))*dia); | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset2))*innerDia, cos(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset2))*innerDia); | |||
} | |||
endShape(CLOSE); | |||
fill(0, 0, 255); | |||
beginShape(); | |||
for (int i=0; i<360/steps;i++) { | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+offset3))*dia, cos(radians(i*steps+offset3))*dia); | |||
vertex(sin(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset3))*innerDia, cos(radians(i*steps+steps/2.0+offset3))*innerDia); | |||
} | |||
endShape(CLOSE); | |||
offset1+=speed1; | |||
offset2+=speed2; | |||
offset3+=speed3; | |||
if (offset1> steps+CONST_OFFSET1) { | |||
offset1=CONST_OFFSET1; | |||
} | |||
if (offset2> steps+CONST_OFFSET2) { | |||
offset2=CONST_OFFSET2; | |||
} | |||
if (offset3> steps+CONST_OFFSET3) { | |||
offset3=CONST_OFFSET3; | |||
} | |||
popMatrix(); | |||
} | |||
} | |||
} | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
= Pattern Observations II, task 13/11 = | = Pattern Observations II, task 13/11 = | ||