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Revision as of 15:38, 31 October 2017
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===Dolly=== | ===Dolly=== | ||
[[File:DollySideView-Photo courtesy of The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh.jpg|thumb|Fig. 2. Dolly. Photo courtesy of The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh. Source: http://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/]] | [[File:DollySideView-Photo courtesy of The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh.jpg|thumb|Fig. 2. Dolly. Photo courtesy of The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh. Source: http://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/]] | ||
Dolly is a sheep that was cloned in Roslin Institute in Scotland in 1996 (Fig. 2.). The cell taken from a mammary gland of the six year old sheep was altered and implanted into an egg of a surrogate Scottish Blackface sheep, who, through the normal pregnancy gave a birth to a healthy offspring. | Dolly is a sheep that was cloned in Roslin Institute in Scotland in 1996 (Fig. 2.). The cell taken from a mammary gland of the six year old sheep was altered and implanted into an egg of a surrogate Scottish Blackface sheep, who, through the normal pregnancy gave a birth to a healthy offspring. Interestingly, Dolly was born from a somatic and not a reproductive cell, meaning, that at any time any taken cell of an adult could be reprogrammed into a reproductive stem cell. | ||
The technology of cloning Dolly was used to clone also other mammals, including dogs and cats. The owner of the patent, a Korean company BioArts International stoped providing commercial service in 2008 because of lack of interest and a competition in a black market. | The technology of cloning Dolly was used to clone also other mammals, including dogs and cats. The owner of the patent, a Korean company BioArts International stoped providing commercial service in 2008 because of lack of interest and a competition in a black market. The companies cloning vendor, the Sooam Biotech Research Foundation of Seoul still offers the service. On the other hand, it’s announced last competition to clone a beloved dog was announced for the 25th of November 2013. According to the foundation, the biggest hurdle to clone mammals from an adult cell is still a low rate of the pregnancy reaching as low as 2%, and the price, reaching 100.000 US dollars per clone. | ||
The idea of being able to clone a mammal from an adult cell gives an idea of cloning a human, which by now is banned by civil law in all the world. Nevertheless the research is being still done at an embryo level for gaining further scientific knowledge. The used technique – the somatic cell nuclear transfer – combined with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique might change expectations in cloning mammals, including humans. | The idea of being able to clone a mammal from an adult cell gives an idea of cloning a human, which by now is banned by civil law in all the world. Nevertheless the research is being still done at an embryo level for gaining further scientific knowledge. The used technique – the somatic cell nuclear transfer – combined with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique might change expectations in cloning mammals, including humans. | ||
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*http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12359 | *http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12359 | ||
*http://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/facts/the-life-of-dolly/index.html | *http://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/facts/the-life-of-dolly/index.html | ||
*http://www.bioartsinternational.com/press_release/ba09_09_09.htm | |||
*http://en.sooam.com/dogcn/sub03.html | |||
*http://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/facts/cloning-faqs/index.html | |||
*http://en.sooam.com/dogcn/sub06.html | |||
===GloFish=== | ===GloFish=== | ||