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GMU:DIY Biolab “Driver’s License”/Interspecies communication (view source)
Revision as of 15:48, 13 December 2017
, 13 December 2017→Interspecies communication
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==Interspecies communication== | ==Interspecies communication== | ||
===Evolutionary theory of Lynn Margulis (formerly Sagan)=== | |||
Being an evolutionary theorist, Lynn Margulis criticized the traditionally accepted theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin; she introduced evolution as merely collaborative interaction rather than the struggle for existence. If the struggle for existence in Darwin's theory led to natural selection and survival of the fittest (Darwin, 1859), Margulis introduced a theory of symbiotic organisms wherein, through interaction and collaboration, prokaryotic organisms evolved into more complex eukaryotic cells (Sagan, 1966). In her article "On the Origin of Mitosing Cells,” the theory is introduced through the interaction of three ancient organelles: the mitochondria, the photosynthetic plastids, and the flagella, which, over the course of changing weather conditions in Earth's history, were impelled to mutate into one organism. This process was possible due to vapor and the escape of free hydrogen into the upper atmosphere, which led to the production of molecular oxygen. The increasing amount of oxygen, in turn, was consumed by other organisms that had to survive in the changing conditions: An aerobic prokaryotic mitochondrion was ingested into the cytoplasm of a heterotrophic anaerobe, while symbiotic cilium attached to other bacteria and formed a flagellum. Further evolution resulted in eukaryotic blue-green algae: | |||
“During the course of the evolution of mitosis, photosynthetic plastids (themselves derived from prokaryotes) were symbiotically acquired by some of these protozoans to form the eukaryotic algae and the green plants” (Margulis, 1966:225). | |||
The idea of evolutionary change via interacting organisms suggests that we humans are not humans because we “think,” but because we interact with other organisms and we evolve with other organisms. | |||
===Cooperative communication=== | ===Cooperative communication=== | ||
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* Francine "Penny" Patterson, PhD, started working with Koko, a lowland gorilla, in 1975 | * Francine "Penny" Patterson, PhD, started working with Koko, a lowland gorilla, in 1975 | ||
* Lisa Jevbratt (2009) Interspecies Collaboration – Making Art Together with Nonhuman Animals, http://jevbratt.com/writing/jevbratt_interspecies_collaboration.pdf | * Lisa Jevbratt (2009) Interspecies Collaboration – Making Art Together with Nonhuman Animals, http://jevbratt.com/writing/jevbratt_interspecies_collaboration.pdf | ||
==Parasitic communication== | ==Parasitic communication== | ||