GMU:DIY Biolab “Driver’s License”/Yang Li: Difference between revisions

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== Object is talking ==
== Using red cabbage solution as an indicator to check coffee pH level ==


===1. Introduction===
===1. Introduction===
1.1 anthocyanin
1.1 anthocyanin
Anthocyanins are water-soluble vacuolar pigments. In the 1664 book Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours by chemist Robert Boyle, various edible plants are reported as visual pH indicators due to pH-responsive mechanisms in their tissues [1]. Anthocyanin is a kind of natural colorant in food and beverage industry, and has been found to possess anti-inflammatory antioxidant properties [2]. It has also been researched for use as an indicator for packaging applications to detect spoilage in pork and fish products [3]. All tissues of vascular plants contain the flavonoid anthocyanin, a pigment that changes colour under varying pH solutions.
Anthocyanins are water-soluble vacuolar pigments. In the 1664 book Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours by chemist Robert Boyle, various edible plants are reported as visual pH indicators due to pH-responsive mechanisms in their tissues [1]. Anthocyanin is a kind of natural colorant in food and beverage industry, and has been found to possess anti-inflammatory antioxidant properties [2]. It has also been researched for use as an indicator for packaging applications to detect spoilage in pork and fish products [3]. All tissues of vascular plants contain the flavonoid anthocyanin, a pigment that changes colour under varying pH solutions.
Under different pH conditions, the hydroxyl (OH) and/or methyl ether (O-CH3) groups attached to the carbon rings (figure 1) undergo reversible structural transformations and ionizations. Restructuring a molecule changes the way it ab- sorbs light, giving rise to colour changes [4].
Under different pH conditions, the hydroxyl (OH) and/or methyl ether (O-CH3) groups attached to the carbon rings (figure 1) undergo reversible structural transformations and ionizations. Restructuring a molecule changes the way it ab- sorbs light, giving rise to colour changes [4].


[[File:Screen Shot 2018-01-31 at 12.08.56.png|400px]]   
[[File:Screen Shot 2018-01-31 at 12.08.56.png|800px]]   


Figure 1 Chemical diagram of colour-changing anthocyanin pH reaction [5]
Chemical diagram of colour-changing anthocyanin pH reaction [5]


1.2 red cabbage
1.2 red cabbage
 
"Red cabbage is rich in a number of bioactive substances, including anthocycanins"[Wiczkowski, 2012]. The method of extracting anthocyanin from red cabbage is easy and convenient.
"Red cabbage is rich in a number of bioactive substances, including anthocyanins"[Wiczkowski, 2012]. The method of extracting anthocyanin from red cabbage is easy and convenient.


===2. Idea===
===2. Idea===
 
This work is based on a research done by MIT media lab that uses organic fluid-based molecules. The molecules anthocyanin, vanillin, chitosan are used as dopants that can sense different pH values. The output is in the form of a broad spectrum of colors, odors and shapes. Based on this, the experiment focus on color changing, using kappa-carrageenan as substrate to present the reaction in a certain form. The outcome shows chemical reactions that are in daily life unreadable and unseen. What is shown here is a new design language to create new appliances. In the exhibition, color changing can be seen both in liquid and solid statues.  
Coffee always mixed with milk and sugar. We know coffee is a kind of acid drink. When it mixed with water the pH level will change. I want make its pH readable through my experiment.
===3. Method===
 
<gallery caption="Color Changing in liquid status">
My first idea is using this chemical reaction as pigments. Like watering the plant which has anthocyanin with different pH solutions to enhance the aesthetic environment. People can monitor and alter the pH of plants to manipulate the way they grow. And I can draw a picture using different pH solutions then spray red cabbage solution on it, colour will change because of the chemical reaction. After discussing with Miga, I think it is a good idea to use red cabbage solution to use red cabbage extract solution to know pH of different drinks and maybe can judge wether it is good to drink.
File:4931517416494_.pic_hd.jpg|Making red cabbage indicator
 
File:Screen Shot 2018-01-31 at 15.12.21.png|Making pH solutions
The food we eat every day has gone through a series of procedures before it ever reaches our stomachs. From the beginning of planting, fertilizing, harvesting, to transporting, distributing, and cooking, each procedure involves numerous engineering works and scientific knowledge, each has contributed to the final quality of the food, and each has contributed to the final health of our body. What I focus is when food or drinks mixed with each other, is it still the original one?
</gallery>
 
<gallery caption="Color Changing in solid status">
We drink coffee, mixed milk and sugar. Many people have juicer, mixed kinds of fruits together, maybe it has a good flavour, but is it really good for your health?
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午1.40.34.png|1.5%w/v kappa-carrageenan in deionized water
As we know, acid/basic is very important to our health and the alkaline environment is good to our health, how can we know the pH of our drinks in a safe, readable, even edible way?
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午1.41.12.png|pour anthocyanin solution  
I want to use red cabbage extract solution to know pH of different drinks, I can see changes of colour directly based on the chemical reaction and though comparing with pre-testing I have done, I can know pH of drinks easily.  
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午1.41.26.png|make a color film
The sketch of pH-testing is
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午1.41.39.png|dry the color film
 
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午1.42.22.png|color changing
[[File:12.6 bio-lab first idea.008.jpeg|400px]]
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午1.42.02.png|color changing
 
 
===3. Methodology===
 
3.1. Making red cabbage indicator
 
[[File:4931517416494_.pic_hd.jpg|400px]]
 
3.2. Making pH solutions
 
  '''12.12.2017'''
 
[[File:Screen Shot 2018-01-31 at 15.12.21.png|400px]]
 
3.3. Process of experiment
 
  '''17.1.2018'''
 
However, there’s a problem which I’m not sure: 
If pH has a direct relationship with health. I read some report and paper, there is a view: alkaline body environment is good for health, but it can not be said alkaline food leads to the alkaline environment/condition,  it is complex medical problem.
And also, this is a website of Acid/Alkaline Food Chart: http://www.phmiracleliving.com/t-food-chart.aspx
And I find some healthy medicines which are used to adjust pH, the main ingredients are moderately or highly alkaline food.  
 
What I will do on 17th:
 
1. test just for visual and take picture：orange/lemon/onion/green onion/potato...
 
2. help to know pH level of drinkings
 
original pH
 
mixed pH （milk/coffee/tea/gouqi/sugar)
（And is there any pH difference belongs to temperature?  hot and cold ）
 
question：
how to deal with the thing insoluble in water, for instance, oil, cosmetic...
 
----
 
After the work of 17th, I decided to focus on coffee not kinds of drinks to do the experiment. Because it is hard to judge pH level with one colour measurement.
I made 3 solutions with different proportions of red cabbage, distilled water and expresso coffee.
 
1. 5ml red cabbage solution + (1ml distilled water + 1ml coffee)
 
2. 5ml red cabbage solution + (0.5ml distilled water + 1.5ml coffee)
 
3. 5ml red cabbage solution + (1.5ml distilled water + 0.5ml coffee)
 
As you can see on follow picture, the coulour results are not obvious. The
 
[[File:400px-4591516359873_.pic_hd.jpg|400px]]
 
  '''19.1.2018'''
 
I did the experiment of reversibility of colour change.
 
[[File:Reversibility of Color Change.jpg|400px]]
 
And then I use reversibility of colour change to make the colour of coffee more obviously.
pH of expresso coffee is around 6, I add the solution (pH=8) into the original solution 1/2/3, the colour changing is more obviously.
 
[[File:result.jpg|400px]]
 
===4. Discussion===
 
The colour changing is very obviously when drop red cabbage solution into different pH solutions which are coloured transparent. However, coffee is dark, when drop red cabbage solution directly, it is hard to see the colour difference. I use the result of  reversibility of colour change, add pH=8 solution into the original coffee and obtain the obviously changing.
 
===5. References===
 
[1] Robert Boyle. 1664. Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours. Project Gutenberg. 1–157 pages.
 
[2] Jian He and M Monica Giusti. 2010. Anthocyanins: Natural Colorants with Health-Promoting Properties.
 
[3] Xiahong Zhang, Sisi Lu, and Xi Chen. 2014. A visual pH sensing film using natural dyes from Bauhinia blakeana Dunn. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 198 (2014), 268–273.
 
[4] Viirj Kan. 2017. Organic Primitives: Synthesis and Design of pH-Reactive Materials using Molecular I/O for Sensing, Actuation, and Interaction. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pages 989-1000.
 
[5] UMass Amherst Department of Chemistry Lecture Demonstrations.
 
 
 
 
[[:File:12.6 bio-lab first idea.pdf]]
----
 
 
'''12.12.2017'''
 
I use red cabbage to make pH indicator. The pH solution from 2 to 13.
 
The red cabbage solution
 
[[File:WechatIMG440.jpeg|400px]]
 
<gallery>
File:WechatIMG440.jpeg
</gallery>
</gallery>
 
<gallery caption="Shape Changing">
<gallery>
File:2018-03-31 下午1.42.36.png|4% w/v chitosan powder
File:WechatIMG418.jpeg|1. pH=2 100ml distilled water + 1ml HCL
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午3.21.01.png|3% v/v acetic acid
File:WechatIMG438.jpeg|2. pH=4 100ml distilled water + 0.1g apple acid
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午1.42.48.png|pour chitisan solution
File:WechatIMG433.jpeg|3. pH=5.5 100ml distilled water + 2g H3BO3(Boric acid)
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午1.43.01.png|make a shape film
File:WechatIMG429.jpeg|4. pH=7 100ml distilled water
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午1.43.20.png|dry the shape film
File:WechatIMG436.jpeg|5. pH=8 100ml distilled water + 0.5g NaHCO3
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午1.43.34.png|0.75 uL droplets of the pH solution drop on the shape film
File:WechatIMG427.jpeg|6. pH=11 700ml distilled water + 1ml NaOH
File:屏幕快照 2018-03-31 下午1.43.45.png|pH2 and pH12 shape changing
File:WechatIMG424.jpeg|7. pH=12 250ml distilled water + 1ml NaOH
File:WechatIMG420.jpeg|8. pH=13 100ml distilled water + 1ml NaOH
</gallery>
</gallery>
after 5 minutes change to yellow
{{#evt:service=vimeo|id=262637645}}
 
<br/>
[[File:WechatIMG430.jpeg|400px]]
 
 
Furthur steps:
 
1. Rate of colour change
 
2. Reversibility of colour change
 
3. Using different pH level solutions react with the organic stuff (which has anthocyanin), see the result
 
 
 
However, when I change another kind of coffee and do the experiment in the same way, the colour change cannot be seen obviously. Maybe because the different ingredients of coffee.


[[File:4651516368126_.pic_hd.jpg|400px]]
===References===
#[1] Robert Boyle. 1664. Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours. Project Gutenberg. 1–157 pages.
#[2] Jian He and M Monica Giusti. 2010. Anthocyanins: Natural Colorants with Health-Promoting Properties.
#[3] Xiahong Zhang, Sisi Lu, and Xi Chen. 2014. A visual pH sensing film using natural dyes from Bauhinia blakeana Dunn. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 198 (2014), 268–273.
#[4] Viirj Kan. 2017. Organic Primitives: Synthesis and Design of pH-Reactive Materials using Molecular I/O for Sensing, Actuation, and Interaction. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pages 989-1000.
#[5] UMass Amherst Department of Chemistry Lecture Demonstrations.
#[6] https://ellieirons.com/projects/two-meadows/


==References==
      [[:File:12.6 bio-lab first idea.pdf]]
* https://ellieirons.com/projects/two-meadows/

Latest revision as of 10:29, 5 April 2018

Object is talking

1. Introduction

1.1 anthocyanin Anthocyanins are water-soluble vacuolar pigments. In the 1664 book Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours by chemist Robert Boyle, various edible plants are reported as visual pH indicators due to pH-responsive mechanisms in their tissues [1]. Anthocyanin is a kind of natural colorant in food and beverage industry, and has been found to possess anti-inflammatory antioxidant properties [2]. It has also been researched for use as an indicator for packaging applications to detect spoilage in pork and fish products [3]. All tissues of vascular plants contain the flavonoid anthocyanin, a pigment that changes colour under varying pH solutions. Under different pH conditions, the hydroxyl (OH) and/or methyl ether (O-CH3) groups attached to the carbon rings (figure 1) undergo reversible structural transformations and ionizations. Restructuring a molecule changes the way it ab- sorbs light, giving rise to colour changes [4].

Screen Shot 2018-01-31 at 12.08.56.png

Chemical diagram of colour-changing anthocyanin pH reaction [5]

1.2 red cabbage "Red cabbage is rich in a number of bioactive substances, including anthocycanins"[Wiczkowski, 2012]. The method of extracting anthocyanin from red cabbage is easy and convenient.

2. Idea

This work is based on a research done by MIT media lab that uses organic fluid-based molecules. The molecules anthocyanin, vanillin, chitosan are used as dopants that can sense different pH values. The output is in the form of a broad spectrum of colors, odors and shapes. Based on this, the experiment focus on color changing, using kappa-carrageenan as substrate to present the reaction in a certain form. The outcome shows chemical reactions that are in daily life unreadable and unseen. What is shown here is a new design language to create new appliances. In the exhibition, color changing can be seen both in liquid and solid statues.

3. Method

  • Color Changing in liquid status
  • Making red cabbage indicator

    Making red cabbage indicator

  • Making pH solutions

    Making pH solutions

  • Color Changing in solid status
  • 1.5%w/v kappa-carrageenan in deionized water

    1.5%w/v kappa-carrageenan in deionized water

  • pour anthocyanin solution

    pour anthocyanin solution

  • make a color film

    make a color film

  • dry the color film

    dry the color film

  • color changing

    color changing

  • color changing

    color changing

  • Shape Changing
  • 4% w/v chitosan powder

    4% w/v chitosan powder

  • 3% v/v acetic acid

    3% v/v acetic acid

  • pour chitisan solution

    pour chitisan solution

  • make a shape film

    make a shape film

  • dry the shape film

    dry the shape film

  • 0.75 uL droplets of the pH solution drop on the shape film

    0.75 uL droplets of the pH solution drop on the shape film

  • pH2 and pH12 shape changing

    pH2 and pH12 shape changing

Load video
Vimeo


References

  1. [1] Robert Boyle. 1664. Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours. Project Gutenberg. 1–157 pages.
  2. [2] Jian He and M Monica Giusti. 2010. Anthocyanins: Natural Colorants with Health-Promoting Properties.
  3. [3] Xiahong Zhang, Sisi Lu, and Xi Chen. 2014. A visual pH sensing film using natural dyes from Bauhinia blakeana Dunn. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 198 (2014), 268–273.
  4. [4] Viirj Kan. 2017. Organic Primitives: Synthesis and Design of pH-Reactive Materials using Molecular I/O for Sensing, Actuation, and Interaction. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pages 989-1000.
  5. [5] UMass Amherst Department of Chemistry Lecture Demonstrations.
  6. [6] https://ellieirons.com/projects/two-meadows/
      File:12.6 bio-lab first idea.pdf
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