IFD:Printing Acoustic Interfaces: Difference between revisions

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==Evaluation==
==Evaluation==
Successful completion of the course is dependent on regular attendance, active participation, completion of assignments, delivery of a relevant semester prototype and documentation. Please refer to the [[/EvaluationRubric |Evaluation Rubric]] for more details.
Successful completion of the course is dependent on regular attendance, active participation, completion of assignments, delivery of a relevant semester prototype and documentation. Please refer to the [[/EvaluationPAISS19 |Evaluation Rubric]] for more details.


==Eligible participants==
==Eligible participants==
Line 36: Line 36:


==Course Material==
==Course Material==
Here you find learning material in the form of circuit simulations, that lead you to the understanding of amplifiers and other signal conditioning circuits that we use throughout the course. Feel free to experiment with them, they are editable and saved via the encoded URL. You cannot destroy them and it is easy to share edited versions.


* The foundation of understanding electric circuits is Ohm's law.
* [[/introduction to electronics/]]
[http://tinyurl.com/y579oadd Ohm's Law]
* [[/acoustic sensing circuits/]]
* A very powerful concept is the voltage divider, it allows us to attenuate (but not amplify!) any voltage in any circuit
[http://tinyurl.com/yxhsk8sc voltage divider with even resistors]
* We will use the OpAmp (=operational amplifier) to amplify the small signals from our microphones to usable and less noisy signals before we digitize them in the computer
[http://tinyurl.com/yxrdh8gx opamp as a comparator]


[http://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?cct=$+1+0.000005+10.20027730826997+50+5+43%0Ag+-384+-48+-384+-32+0%0Av+-384+-48+-384+-128+0+1+100+5+0+0+0.5%0Ag+-272+-48+-272+-32+0%0Ax+-496+-235+-330+-232+4+18+The%5CsSource%5CsFollower%0Ax+-506+33+181+36+4+12+Once%5Csyou%5Csapply%5Csa%5Csfeedback%5Cspath%5Csfrom%5Csthe%5Csopamp's%5Csoutput%5Csto%5Csthe%5Csnegative%5Csinput,%5Csthe%5Csoutput%5Csvoltage%5Csdirectly%5Csfollws%5Csthe%5Csinput%5Csvoltage.%0Ax+-506+57+-440+60+4+12+Why%5Csis%5Csthat?%0Ax+-506+82+-3+85+4+12+When%5Csthe%5Cssinwave%5Csof%5Csthe%5Cspositive%5Csinput%5Csgoes%5Csup,%5Csthe%5Csoutput%5Cswill%5Csalso%5Csgo%5Csup%5Cs(with%5Csvery%5Cshigh%5Csgain).%0Ax+-509+109+299+112+4+12+%5CsBut%5Cssince%5Csthis%5Cshigh%5Csgain%5Cssignal%5Csis%5Csreflected%5Csback%5Csto%5Csthe%5Csnegative%5Csinput%5Csit%5Cswill%5Cscounteract%5Cson%5Csthe%5Csoutput,%5Csforcing%5Csthe%5Csoutput%5Cseven%5Csmore%5Csto%5Csthe%5Csminus%5Csdirection.%5Cs%0Aa+-384+-144+-272+-144+8+15+-15+1000000+2.8621324318134485+2.8621610531377666+100000%0Ap+-272+-144+-272+-48+1+0%0Aw+-272+-144+-240+-144+0%0A207+-240+-144+-192+-144+0+output%0A207+-384+-128+-416+-128+0+input%0Aw+-272+-144+-272+-208+0%0Aw+-272+-208+-384+-208+0%0Aw+-384+-208+-384+-160+0%0Ax+-508+134+367+137+4+12+However,%5Csfeedback%5Csis%5Csan%5Csendless%5Csprocess%5Csand%5Csas%5Cssuch%5Csthe%5Csforce%5Csto%5Csthe%5Csminus%5Csdirection%5Cswill%5Csbe%5Csreflected%5Csback%5Csto%5Csthe%5Csinput%5Csagain,%5Csforcing%5Csthe%5Csoutput%5Csto%5Csbe%5Cspositive%5Csagain.%0Ax+-510+164+175+167+4+12+All%5Csthose%5Cspositive%5Csand%5Csnegative%5Csforces%5Cswill%5Csmagically%5Cssum%5Csup%5Csin%5Csevery%5Csmoment%5Csin%5Cstime,%5Csforcing%5Csthe%5Csoutput%5Csto%5Csexactly%5Csfollow%5Csthe%5Csinput!%0Ax+-510+195+87+198+4+12+This%5Cscircuit%5Csis%5Csalso%5Cscalled%5Csa%5Cs%22buffer%22%5Cssince%5Csit%5Cscan%5Csbe%5Csused%5Csto%5Csrepeat%5Csa%5Csweak%5Cssignal.%5CsMeaning%5Csamplifiying%5Csthe%5Cscurrent,%5Cs%0Ax+-511+222+-63+225+4+12+since%5Csthe%5Csopamp%5Cscan%5Csprovide%5Csmore%5Cscurrent%5Csat%5Csthe%5Csouput%5Csthen%5Csis%5Csavailable%5Csat%5Csits%5Csinputs.%0Ao+9+64+0+4098+20+0.1+0+3+1+0+1+3%0A stabilized opamp as a source follower]
==Further Reading==
Suganuma, Katsuaki: Introduction to Printed Electronics. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2014.


[http://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?cct=$+1+0.000005+10.20027730826997+50+5+43%0Ag+-304+16+-304+32+0%0Av+-448+16+-448+-64+0+1+100+1+0+0+0.5%0Ax+-411+-158+-231+-155+4+18+The%5CsInverting%5CsAmplifier%0Aa+-304+0+-192+0+8+15+-15+1000000+0.00009213554917863564+0+100000%0Aw+-192+0+-160+0+0%0A207+-160+0+-112+0+0+output%0Aw+-192+0+-192+-64+0%0Aw+-304+-64+-304+-16+0%0Ar+-288+-64+-208+-64+0+10000%0Aw+-288+-64+-304+-64+0%0Aw+-208+-64+-192+-64+0%0Ar+-448+-64+-304+-64+0+1000%0Ag+-448+16+-448+32+0%0Ax+-365+72+-208+75+4+12+Gain%5Cs%5Cq%5CsR2%5Cs/%5CsR1%5Cs%5Cq%5Cs10k/1K%5Cs%5Cq%5Cs10%0Ao+1+64+0+4098+5+0.1+0+2+1+3%0Ao+5+64+0+4099+10+0.00009765625+1+2+5+3%0A Inverting Opamp]
Y. Kawahara, S. Hodges, N. Gong, S. Olberding and J. Steimle, "Building Functional Prototypes Using Conductive Inkjet Printing," in IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 30-38, July-Sept. 2014.
 
[http://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?cct=$+1+0.000005+10.20027730826997+50+5+43%0Ag+-448+112+-448+128+0%0Av+-448+112+-448+32+0+1+100+1+0+0+0.5%0Ax+-411+-158+-192+-155+4+18+The%5CsNon-Inverting%5CsAmplifier%0Aa+-304+0+-192+0+8+15+-15+1000000+0.1842741783321202+0.18429444849173673+100000%0Aw+-192+0+-160+0+0%0A207+-160+0+-112+0+0+output%0Aw+-192+0+-192+-64+0%0Aw+-304+-64+-304+-16+0%0Aw+-448+32+-448+16+0%0Ar+-288+-64+-208+-64+0+10000%0Aw+-288+-64+-304+-64+0%0Aw+-208+-64+-192+-64+0%0Ar+-448+-64+-304+-64+0+1000%0Aw+-448+16+-304+16+0%0Ag+-448+-64+-448+-32+0%0Ax+-365+72+-168+75+4+12+Gain%5Cs%5Cq%5Cs1%5Cs%5Cp%5CsR2%5Cs/%5CsR1%5Cs%5Cq%5Cs1%5Cs%5Cp%5Cs10k/1K%5Cs%5Cq%5Cs11%0Ao+1+64+0+4098+5+0.1+0+2+1+3%0Ao+5+64+0+4099+20+0.00009765625+1+2+5+3%0A Non-Inverting Opamp]


===The concept of a Transformer Microphone===
Zamborlin, Bruno. 2015. Studies on customisation-driven digital music instruments. Doctoral thesis, Goldsmiths, University of London.


To get rid of our big magnets, we build an electro magnet with the help a a sending coil that will build up a magnetic field. When the current though this sending coil changes, it will induce a magnetic field, that we can use to induce a current in the second (receiving) coil. Two coils that share their magnetic flux via the air are called an "air core transformer". Both coils will be printed on paper, but on different sheets, leaving a gap filled with air. If the sheets are close together the second coil induces more current and lesser when it is further away. It is important, that the currents change constantly, because only changing currents can induce magnetic fields. We will use a high frequency changing current (50Khz) on the sending coil, that we will receive on the other coil. When we change the distance between the coils, the actual amplitude (volume) of this high frequency tone increases or decreases. To get the actual volume information of this high frequency tone, we use the half wave rectifier.
Murray-Smith, Roderick & Williamson, John & Hughes, Stephen & Quaade, Torben. (2008). Stane: Synthesized surfaces for tactile input. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. 1299-1302. 10.1145/1357054.1357257.  


====Sender: Square Wave Generator Circuit====
Rasamimanana, N.H., Bevilacqua, F., Schnell, N., Guédy, F., Fléty, E., Maestracci, C., Zamborlin, B., Frechin, J., & Petrevski, U. (2010). Modular musical objects towards embodied control of digital music. Tangible and Embedded Interaction.


To send the high frequency current, we will use the 555 Timer chip configured as a square wave generator. This circuit has little components and is comparably easy to build. It uses only one capacitor and one resistor to set the frequency of the square wave.  
Jones, Randy & Driessen, Peter & Schloss, W & Tzanetakis, George. (2009). A Force-Sensitive Surface for Intimate Control.
You can find the circuit in the link below. Be sure to match the pinout in the circuit according to the figure below.


[http://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?cct=$+1+0.000005+1.8479586061009856+50+5+43%0Ax+-411+-176+-251+-173+4+18+555%5CsTimer%5CsOscillator%0A165+-304+-48+-192+-48+6+14.99990131685941%0Ar+-416+-32+-416+64+0+100000%0Ac+-416+112+-416+176+0+1e-10+5.13158725767721%0Ag+-208+112+-208+144+0%0Aw+-304+48+-304+80+0%0Aw+-416+80+-320+80+0%0Ag+-416+176+-416+208+0%0Aw+-176+16+-112+16+0%0Aw+-112+16+-112+-112+0%0Aw+-112+-112+-416+-112+0%0Aw+-416+-112+-416+-32+0%0AR+-240+-80+-240+-144+0+0+40+15+0+0+0.5%0Aw+-176+-16+-176+-80+0%0Aw+-176+-80+-240+-80+0%0Aw+-320+80+-304+80+0%0Aw+-416+64+-416+80+0%0Aw+-416+80+-416+112+0%0Ao+9+1+0+5640+20+0.000390625+0+2+9+3%0A 555 Timer Oscillator]
==Pure Data Patches==
[[:File:draw_envelope.pd]]


[[File:555_Pinout_800px.png|thumb|left|555 Timer Chip Pinout]]
==Setting Up the Raspberry Pi==
* You will need an SD card reader for Micro SD cards (eventually and SD card adapter)


====Receiver: Half Wave Rectifier Circuit====
* Download [https://etcher.io/ etcher] and [https://blokas.io/patchbox-os/ PatchboxOS]
 
* Install balenaEtcher and launch
To get rid of our big magnets, we build an electro magnet with the help a a sending coil that will build up a magnetic field. When the current though this sending coil changes, it will induce a magnetic field, that we can use to induce a current in the second (receiving) coil. Both will be printed on paper, but on different sheets. If the sheets are close together the second coil induces more current and lesser when it is further away. It is important, that the currents change constantly, because only changing currents can induce magnetic fields. We will use a high frequency changing current (50Khz) on the sending coil, that we will receive on the other coil. When we change the distance between the coils, the actual amplitude (volume) of this high frequency tone increases or decreases. To get the actual volume information of this high frequency tone, we use the half wave rectifier.
* Select downloaded PatchboxOS image and press flash
 
* Plug Your SD Card to the Raspberry Pi
==Further Reading==
* If you don't have a Raspberry Pi 3: Plug Your USB WIFI to the Raspberry
Suganuma, Katsuaki: Introduction to Printed Electronics. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2014.<br />
* Start it up!
Y. Kawahara, S. Hodges, N. Gong, S. Olberding and J. Steimle, "Building Functional Prototypes Using Conductive Inkjet Printing," in IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 30-38, July-Sept. 2014.


==Links==
==Links==


Inspiration for your prototpyes:
Inspiration for your projects:


*[https://vimeo.com/301199365 Hyper Surfaces]
*[https://vimeo.com/301199365 Hyper Surfaces]
Line 80: Line 74:
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rU-CHGJ0ceQ ATV AFrame]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rU-CHGJ0ceQ ATV AFrame]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnOCWDtvsl8 CHAIR.AUDIO Tickle]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnOCWDtvsl8 CHAIR.AUDIO Tickle]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilNj4gXGfAk The Table Recorder]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEJCmrhrBjc PebbleBox]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhps_U2E9OM Modular Musical Objects]

Latest revision as of 18:33, 28 July 2019

Fachmodul
Printing Acoustic Interfaces
Instructor: Clemens Wegener
Credits: 6 ECTS, 2 SWS
Capacity: max. 12 students
Language: English
Location: Marienstrasse 7B, R002
First Meeting: 9th April 2019, 9:15 AM

Description

This course focuses on printing acoustic sensors for the sensing of structure-born sound. Print processes like silver ink-jet and screen printing can be applied to manufacture acoustic sensors. Tapping and sliding gestures on an acoustic surface have a different sound impact, which can be leveraged to design new interaction concepts. The course focuses on developing a concept for acoustic interaction and developing a working prototype with appropriate sensors and signal processing abilities to materialize your concepts.

Admission requirements

Knowledge in Hard- and Software would be highly appreciated, but is not a requirement.The needed functional components will be explained throughout the course. In parallel you will develope your own interaction concepts or product prototypes. For buying electronic components, a little budget of 10€ to 20€ is neccessary. Of course you can keep your manufactured works.

Evaluation

Successful completion of the course is dependent on regular attendance, active participation, completion of assignments, delivery of a relevant semester prototype and documentation. Please refer to the Evaluation Rubric for more details.

Eligible participants

Qualified MFA Medienkunst/-gestaltung, MFA Media Art and Design, MSc MediaArchitecture candidates

Syllabus (subject to change)

  • Session 1: Examples of acoustic interfaces
  • Session 2: Introduction to printed electronics workflow
  • Session 3: Brainstorm for project proposals
  • Session 4: Workshop: Printed electronics
  • Session 5: Introduction to the electronic workshop and tools
  • Session 6: Amplifier circuits and technology
  • Session 7: Prototyping Workshop 1
  • Session 8: Prototyping Workshop 2
  • Session 9: Connecting to Arduino or Raspberry Pi
  • Session 10: Audio signal processing in Pure Data 1
  • Session 11: Audio signal processing in Pure Data 2
  • …
  • Session XX: Final project presentations (9th July)

Course Material

Further Reading

Suganuma, Katsuaki: Introduction to Printed Electronics. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2014.

Y. Kawahara, S. Hodges, N. Gong, S. Olberding and J. Steimle, "Building Functional Prototypes Using Conductive Inkjet Printing," in IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 30-38, July-Sept. 2014.

Zamborlin, Bruno. 2015. Studies on customisation-driven digital music instruments. Doctoral thesis, Goldsmiths, University of London.

Murray-Smith, Roderick & Williamson, John & Hughes, Stephen & Quaade, Torben. (2008). Stane: Synthesized surfaces for tactile input. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. 1299-1302. 10.1145/1357054.1357257.

Rasamimanana, N.H., Bevilacqua, F., Schnell, N., Guédy, F., Fléty, E., Maestracci, C., Zamborlin, B., Frechin, J., & Petrevski, U. (2010). Modular musical objects towards embodied control of digital music. Tangible and Embedded Interaction.

Jones, Randy & Driessen, Peter & Schloss, W & Tzanetakis, George. (2009). A Force-Sensitive Surface for Intimate Control.

Pure Data Patches

File:draw_envelope.pd

Setting Up the Raspberry Pi

  • You will need an SD card reader for Micro SD cards (eventually and SD card adapter)
  • Download etcher and PatchboxOS
  • Install balenaEtcher and launch
  • Select downloaded PatchboxOS image and press flash
  • Plug Your SD Card to the Raspberry Pi
  • If you don't have a Raspberry Pi 3: Plug Your USB WIFI to the Raspberry
  • Start it up!

Links

Inspiration for your projects:

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Last modified
This page was last edited on 28 July 2019, at 18:33.