GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 17:05, 21 January 2020

Credits: 6 ECTS, 4 SWS

Dates: 04.11. – 08.11.2019 (10:00 – 17:00)
Every day from 10-12 'open science breakfast' - OPEN for EVERYONE (Room 204) Venue: Marienstraße 7b, DIY BioLab (Room 202)

THIS IS THE WIKI FOR THE COURSE IN WS 2019

open science breakfast

bring your friends, coffee, food,… who will bring hummus?

Syllabus

Our air, soil and water as well as all plants and animals contain complex ecosystems.

This course will introduce you to various creatures colonizing the ground beneath our feet and give you the opportunity to experience methodologies and experimental strategies that are used in the natural sciences. While working in the DIY BioLab (Chair of Media Environments) you will learn how to think like a microbiologist and what it means to do scientific research. Educational objectives include literature research, experiment design, result documentation, discussion and scientific writing.

The module will be structured in a flexible way, tailored to the needs of the participants and includes lectures as well as practical work in the laboratory. Attendance during the 5 days of the course, as well as the delivery of detailed project documentation (paper, artwork, etc.) until the end of the semester is required.

The 5 day intensive course is integrated into the wider concept of the project module Soil-Humus-Earth (Prof. Ursula Damm) as well as the module Raised Beds and Pets (Mindaugas Gapsevicius).

Students

Linda Schumann

Guest lecturers

Mindaugas Gapševičius will support us on 04. and 05.11. He will offer an introduction to the world of nematodes. In addition, the students learn the basic cultivation techniques and the handling of C. elegans in the laboratory.

Stefan Doepner will support us on 6 and 7.11. as a guest lecturer. He is involved in the following projects, among others:
http://www.f18institut.org/
http://www.obrat.org/about
http://www.cirkulacija2.org/?page_id=247

Projects

...

Questions

What is life? / What is humus?

Which different types of organisms live in the soil?

How is soil life interacting / what is the soil food web?

Which methods are suitable to learn more about soil microbes?

Basic concepts

Humus

"It is difficult to define humus precisely because it is a very complex substance which is not fully understood."

In soil science, humus (derived in 1790–1800 from the Latin humus for earth, ground[1]) denominates the fraction of soil organic matter that is amorphous and without the "cellular cake structure characteristic of plants, micro-organisms or animals".[2] Humus significantly affects the bulk density of soil and contributes to its retention of moisture and nutrients.

In agriculture, "humus" sometimes also is used to describe mature or natural compost extracted from a woodland or other spontaneous source for use as a soil conditioner.[3] It is also used to describe a topsoil horizon that contains organic matter (humus type,[4] humus form,[5] humus profile).[6]

Humus is the dark organic matter that forms in soil when dead plant and animal matter decays. Humus has many nutrients that improve the health of soil, nitrogen being the most important. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) of humus is 10:1.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus

Life

"There are over a 100 definitions for 'life' and all are wrong"
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170101-there-are-over-100-definitions-for-life-and-all-are-wrong

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life#Definitions
Since there is no unequivocal definition of life, most current definitions in biology are descriptive. Life is considered a characteristic of something that preserves, furthers or reinforces its existence in the given environment. This characteristic exhibits all or most of the following traits:

   Homeostasis 
   Organization
   Metabolism
   Growth
   Adaptation
   Response to stimuli
   Reproduction

Organism

In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life. It is a synonym for "life form".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism

Microorganism

Living beings that are too small to be seen with the (human) eye.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interactions_with_microbes

The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

Soil microorganisms

"Microbes can make nutrients and minerals in the soil available to plants, produce hormones that spur growth, stimulate the plant immune system and trigger or dampen stress responses. In general a more diverse soil microbiome results in fewer plant diseases and higher yield."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_microbiology

Resources

Related Projects from the DIY Biolab @Bauhaus

please add projects!! :)

PDFs

https://exploringtheinvisible.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/manual2013.pdf

Links

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 <b>Dates:</b>
 .11. – 08.11.2019 (10:00 – 17:00)<br>
-''Every day from 10-12 coffee discussions - OPEN for EVERYONE (Room 204)''
+''Every day from 10-12 'open science breakfast' - OPEN for EVERYONE (Room 204)''
 <b>Venue:</b> [[Marienstraße 7b]], [[GMU:DIY BioLab|DIY BioLab]] (Room 202)<br>
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
-==THIS IS THE WIKI FOR THE COURSES IN SS 2019==
+===THIS IS THE WIKI FOR THE COURSE IN WS 2019===
+==open science breakfast==
+bring your friends, coffee, food,… who will bring hummus?
 ==Syllabus==
@@ Line 24: / Line 27: @@
 The module will be structured in a flexible way, tailored to the needs of the participants and includes lectures as well as practical work in the laboratory. Attendance during the 5 days of the course, as well as the delivery of detailed project documentation (paper, artwork, etc.) until the end of the semester is required.
-The 5 day intensive course is integrated into the wider concept of the project module [[Soil-Humus-Earth]] (Prof. Ursula Damm) as well as the module [[Raised Beds and Pets]] (Mindaugas Gapsevicius).
+The 5 day intensive course is integrated into the wider concept of the project module [[GMU:MfA_Masterproject_Soil–Humus–Earth|Soil-Humus-Earth]] (Prof. Ursula Damm) as well as the module [[GMU:Raised_Beds_and_Pets|Raised Beds and Pets]] (Mindaugas Gapsevicius).
 ==Students==
-*[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/Maximilian_Goetz|Maximilian_Goetz]]
+*[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/Maggy_Hamel-Metsos|Maggy Hamel-Metsos]]
-*[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/Maximilian_Goetz|Maximilian_Goetz]]
+*[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/Maximilian_Goetz|Maximilian Goetz]]
-*[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/Maximilian_Goetz|Maximilian_Goetz]]
+*[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/Rebecca_Hilbel|Rebecca Hilbel]]
-*[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/Maximilian_Goetz|Maximilian_Goetz]]
+*<s>[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/IChen_Lai|I Chen Lai]]</s>
-*[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/Maximilian_Goetz|Maximilian_Goetz]]
+*[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/Elizabeth_McTernan|Elizabeth McTernan]]
+* <s>Keno Westhoff</s>
+*[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/Benazir_Basauri_Torres |Benazir Basauri Torres]]
+*[[GMU:Humus-Micro-Habitats/Why_Elliy|Why Elliy]]
+* Linda Schumann
+==Guest lecturers==
+<b>Mindaugas Gapševičius</b> will support us on 04. and 05.11. He will offer an introduction to the world of nematodes. In addition, the students learn the basic cultivation techniques and the handling of C. elegans in the laboratory.
+<b>Stefan Doepner</b> will support us on 6 and 7.11. as a guest lecturer. He is involved in the following projects, among others:<br>
+http://www.f18institut.org/<br>
+http://www.obrat.org/about<br>
+http://www.cirkulacija2.org/?page_id=247<br>
 ==Projects==
-* Production of chitosan from brewery waste
+* ...
-* Bio-Photography with light sensitive microorganisms
-* Short film: Escaping the Biolab
-* Physarum nursery and reintroduction to its natural habitat
-[[Category:WS18]]
+[[Category:WS19]]
 [[Category:Werkmodul]]
@@ Line 47: / Line 61: @@
 [[Category:Julian Chollet]]
+==Questions==
+===What is life? / What is humus?===
+===Which different types of organisms live in the soil?===
+===How is soil life interacting / what is the soil food web?===
+===Which methods are suitable to learn more about soil microbes?===
+<br>
 ==Basic concepts==
+===Humus===
+<b>"It is difficult to define humus precisely because it is a very complex substance which is not fully understood." </b> <br>
+In soil science, humus (derived in 1790–1800 from the Latin humus for earth, ground[1]) denominates the fraction of soil organic matter that is amorphous and without the "cellular cake structure characteristic of plants, micro-organisms or animals".[2] Humus significantly affects the bulk density of soil and contributes to its retention of moisture and nutrients.
+In agriculture, "humus" sometimes also is used to describe mature or natural compost extracted from a woodland or other spontaneous source for use as a soil conditioner.[3] It is also used to describe a topsoil horizon that contains organic matter (humus type,[4] humus form,[5] humus profile).[6]
+Humus is the dark organic matter that forms in soil when dead plant and animal matter decays. Humus has many nutrients that improve the health of soil, nitrogen being the most important. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) of humus is 10:1. <br>
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
 ===Life===
-"There are over a 100 definitions for 'life' and all are wrong" <br>
+<b>"There are over a 100 definitions for 'life' and all are wrong" </b><br>
 http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170101-there-are-over-100-definitions-for-life-and-all-are-wrong
@@ Line 64: / Line 104: @@
 ===Organism===
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism <br>
+In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life. It is a synonym for "life form".<br>
-In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life. It is a synonym for "life form".
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism
-Organisms are classified by taxonomy into specified groups such as the multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as a protists, bacteria, and archaea. All types of organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some degree of response to stimuli.
-====Prokaryote====
-Prokaryotes are represented by two separate domains—bacteria and archaea.
-A unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
-====Eukaryote====
-Eukaryotic organisms are characterized by the presence of a membrane-bound cell nucleus and contain additional membrane-bound compartments called organelles (such as mitochondria in animals and plants and plastids in plants and algae, all generally considered to be derived from endosymbiotic bacteria). Fungi, animals and plants are examples of kingdoms of organisms within the eukaryotes.
 ===Microorganism===
@@ Line 80: / Line 112: @@
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism <br>
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interactions_with_microbes
-They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure or [...] high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms.
-Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
 The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
-===Cell biology / Molecular biology===
+===Soil microorganisms===
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology<br>
+"Microbes can make nutrients and minerals in the soil available to plants, produce hormones that spur growth, stimulate the plant immune system and trigger or dampen stress responses. In general a more diverse soil microbiome results in fewer plant diseases and higher yield." <br>
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_microbiology
-Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.
-A prokaryotic cell has three architectural regions: <br>
-) Enclosing the cell is the cell envelope <br>
-) Inside the cell is the cytoplasmic region that contains the genome (DNA), ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions.<br>
-) On the outside, flagella and pili project from the cell's surface. These are structures (not present in all prokaryotes) made of proteins that facilitate movement and communication between cells.<br>
-Eukariotic cell
-The main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes as compared to prokaryotes is compartmentalization: the presence of membrane-bound organelles (compartments) in which specific activities take place.
-Most important among these is a cell nucleus - an organelle that houses the cell's DNA. This nucleus gives the eukaryote its name, which means "true kernel (nucleus)".
-==Suggested resources regarding the proposed projects/topics==
-===Chitosan from microbes===
-* https://application.wiley-vch.de/books/biopoly/pdf_v06/bpol6005_123_132.pdf
-* http://www.imedpub.com/articles/fermentative-production-of-fungal-chitosan-a-versatile-biopolymerperspectives-and-its-applications.pdf
-* https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2002.01118.x
-* http://espace.inrs.ca/3898/1/P2940_PP.pdf
-* https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314121703_MICROBIAL_EXTRACTION_OF_CHITIN_AND_CHITOSAN_FROM_PLEUROTUS_SPP_ITS_CHARACTERIZATION_AND_ANTIMICROBIAL_ACTIVITY
-===Microbial photography===
+==Resources==
-* http://pavillon35.polycinease.com/category/archives/
-* http://pavillon35.polycinease.com/category/recipes/
-* https://www.nature.com/news/2005/051121/full/news051121-8.html
-* http://www.sciencetothepowerofart.com/bacteriography/
-* http://www.bactograph.org/
 ==Related Projects from the DIY Biolab @Bauhaus==