| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<h4 | <h4>How to make it?</h4> | ||
http://www.instructables.com/id/The-Darkroom-Liquid-Light-Emulsion/ | http://www.instructables.com/id/The-Darkroom-Liquid-Light-Emulsion/ | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<h4 | <h4>Another alternative way to use WAX</h4> | ||
http://www.alternativephotography.com/wp/processes/liquid-emulsion/liquid-light-emulsion-on-wax | http://www.alternativephotography.com/wp/processes/liquid-emulsion/liquid-light-emulsion-on-wax | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<h4> | <h4>books</h4> | ||
Anthotypes – Explore the darkroom in your garden and make photographs using plants | Anthotypes – Explore the darkroom in your garden and make photographs using plants | ||
http://www.alternativephotography.com/wp/processes/anthotypes/anthotypes | http://www.alternativephotography.com/wp/processes/anthotypes/anthotypes | ||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria (or both) living among filaments of a fungus in a symbiotic relationship.[1][2][3] The combined life form has properties that are very different from the properties of its component organisms. Lichens come in many colors, sizes, and forms. The properties are sometimes plant-like, but lichens are not plants. Lichens may have tiny, leafless branches (fruticose), flat leaf-like structures (foliose), flakes that lie on the surface like peeling paint (crustose),[4] or other growth forms. | A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria (or both) living among filaments of a fungus in a symbiotic relationship.[1][2][3] The combined life form has properties that are very different from the properties of its component organisms. Lichens come in many colors, sizes, and forms. The properties are sometimes plant-like, but lichens are not plants. Lichens may have tiny, leafless branches (fruticose), flat leaf-like structures (foliose), flakes that lie on the surface like peeling paint (crustose),[4] or other growth forms. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Lichens occur from sea level to high alpine elevations, in a very wide range of environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface. | Lichens occur from sea level to high alpine elevations, in a very wide range of environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface. | ||
| Line 45: | Line 44: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Symbiotic relation<br> | <h4>Symbiotic relation</h4><br> | ||
A lichen is a composite organism that emerges from algae or cyanobacteria living among the filaments (hyphae) of a fungus in a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship. The fungus benefits from the algae or cyanobacteria because they produce food by photosynthesis. The algae or cyanobacteria benefit by being protected from the environment by the filaments of the fungus, which also gather moisture and nutrients from the environment, and (usually) provide an anchor to it. | A lichen is a composite organism that emerges from algae or cyanobacteria living among the filaments (hyphae) of a fungus in a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship. The fungus benefits from the algae or cyanobacteria because they produce food by photosynthesis. The algae or cyanobacteria benefit by being protected from the environment by the filaments of the fungus, which also gather moisture and nutrients from the environment, and (usually) provide an anchor to it. | ||
Evidence that lichens are examples of successful symbiosis is the fact that lichens can be found in almost every habitat and geographic area on the planet.[12] Two species in two genera of green algae are found in over 35% of all lichens, but can only rarely be found living on their own outside of a lichen. | Evidence that lichens are examples of successful symbiosis is the fact that lichens can be found in almost every habitat and geographic area on the planet.[12] Two species in two genera of green algae are found in over 35% of all lichens, but can only rarely be found living on their own outside of a lichen. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Growth rate<br> | <h4>Growth rate</h4><br> | ||
Lichens often have a regular but very slow growth rate of less than a millimeter per year.[38] Different lichen species have been measured to grow as slowly as 0.5 mm, and as fast as 0.5 meter per year.[49] | Lichens often have a regular but very slow growth rate of less than a millimeter per year.[38] Different lichen species have been measured to grow as slowly as 0.5 mm, and as fast as 0.5 meter per year.[49] | ||
In crustose lichens, the area along the margin is where the most active growth is taking place.[30]:159 Most crustose lichens grow only 1–2 mm in diameter per year. | In crustose lichens, the area along the margin is where the most active growth is taking place.[30]:159 Most crustose lichens grow only 1–2 mm in diameter per year. | ||