Application Types

Native iPhone Applications:

based on Cocoa Touch
written in Objective-C

iPhone Web-based Apps:

Website optimized for iPhone
written in HTML, CSS, JavaScript(, PHP)
usable as App via "WebClip"

Hybrid Applications:

mixed Cocoa Touch & Web App

Apple iPhone HIG: What are your options?

Application Styles

Apples Human Interface Guidlines beschreiben drei mögliche Stile für Applikationen:

Apple iPhone HIG: Three Application Styles

Productivity Apps

Hierarchical Info
Usually UITableView
extremely consistent with HIG
eg. Mail

Utility Apps

Specific info with as little interaction as possible
Usually using the small "i" to flip views
neater Design (eg. custom TableRows)
nevertheless very consistent with HIG
eg. Weather

Immersive Apps

Custom Interface
low inforcement of Apple's HIG
eg. Racing Game

Drawing Methods

Es gibt drei gundsätzlich verschiedene Methoden, um den "Anzeige-Part" in einer iPhone App darzustellen.

UIViews

Gewöhnliche Komponenten, die in Interface Builder arrangiert werden
z.B. UITableView, UIWebView, UIButtons, UITextField, UISlider, UIPickerView ...

Beispiel (UITableView subclass):

- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    // In order to show a new view, we'll create a new view controller instance
    // and push it onto the views stack of the Navigation Controller
    RecipeDetailViewController *detailViewController = 
         [[RecipeDetailViewController alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewStyleGrouped];
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:detailViewController animated:animated];
    [detailViewController release];
}

Quartz 2D

Einfaches, zweidimensionales Zeichnen
Painting-on-Canvas Methode: übereinanderlagern durch Position im Quellcode
iPhone Dev Center: Quartz 2D Programming Guide

Beispiel (UIView sublcass):

- (void)drawRect:(NSRect)rect {
    CGContextRef myContext = [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] graphicsPort];
   // ********** Your drawing code here **********
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 1, 0, 0, 1);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (0, 0, 200, 100 ));
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0, 0, 1, .5);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (0, 0, 100, 200));
  }

Open GL

Komplexes, dreidimensionale Strukturen
Standartisierte OpenGL Sprache (Subset für iPhone)
iPhone Dev Center: OpenGL ES Programming Guide

Beispiel (UIView subclass w. custom timer):

- (void) render {
    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context];

    glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, defaultFramebuffer);
    glViewport(0, 0, backingWidth, backingHeight);
    
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
	glLoadIdentity();
    glTranslatef(0.0f, (GLfloat)(sinf(transY)/2.0f), 0.0f);
	transY += 0.075f;
	
    glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    
    glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, squareVertices);
    glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
    glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, squareColors);
    glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
    
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
    
    glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, colorRenderbuffer);
    [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES];
}

-(void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication*)application {
    // (...)
    animationTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)((1.0 / 60.0) * animationFrameInterval)
        target:self 
        selector:@selector(render)
        userInfo:nil 
        repeats:TRUE];
}

Diese Seite ist Teil des Werkmoduls iOS Development von Michael Markert für Interface Design / Fakultät Medien an der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar.