GMU:Bioelectronics, aesthetics and other interesting things/Christopher Dake-Outhet
Tourmaline
Tourmaline Crystals
Tourmaline is a naturally occurring mineral widely used as a semi-precious gemstone. It comes in many different shapes and colours. It is unique in that it Tourmaline has a high natural output of Negative Ions, Alpha Waves and Far Infrared Rays (FIR). Tourmaline is first discovered in Sri Lanka in 1703 and is now found in all parts of the world.
Scientists have long been intrigued by the unique electrical and magnetic properties of tourmaline. Benjamin Franklin, the inventor of the lightning rod, possessed at least one tourmaline stone and is said to have used it in his experiments.
In 1880, Pierre Curie, co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (with his wife, the famous Marie Curie), discovered with his brother Jacques, a mineralogist, that tourmaline carries a weak electric charge when it is heated (pyroelectricity) or when pressure is applied to its surface (piezoelectricity). In 1986 research in Japan confirmed that tourmaline carries a faint but constant electric charge of 0.06mA. No matter how small tourmaline is ground or crushed, it is still capable of conveying an electric current. An electrical charge enables Tourmaline to produce far infrared photon energy, negative ions, and alpha waves.[1][2]
Unique Properties of Black Tourmaline
Black Tourmaline keeps an electric charge, as it is pyroelectric (meaning it can generate electricity when heated), as well as piezoelectric (meaning it can store an electrical charge), causing it to release negative ions and far infrared radiation - these are very beneficial for health. This incredible stone is associated with protection, grounding, health, happiness, luck, and positivity.
Shields from harmful electromagnetic radiation—from TVs, computers and mobile phones—by emitting a small electric current.
Black Tourmaline is considered by many to be the most powerful protective stone and it is one of the only stones that protects and heals on all levels - physical, emotional, mental and spiritual
Pyroelectricity
Pyroelectricity (from the Greek pyr, fire, and electricity) is the ability of certain materials to generate a temporary voltage when they are heated or cooled. The change in temperature modifies the positions of the atoms slightly within the crystal structure, such that the polarization of the material changes.[3]
Piezoelectric Effect
Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. The word Piezoelectric is derived from the Greek piezein, which means to squeeze or press, and piezo, which is Greek for “push”.[4]
Other Tourmaline Properties
