GMU:Flagelates, Nematodes, and I/Nina Bendix Igleses
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THE ORGANISM
- heterorhabditis bacteriophora
1. BRAINSTORMING
QUESTIONS
- What are nematodes, especially heterohabditis bacteriophora?
- Nematodes, also known as roundworms, are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of humid environments. There are around 20000 species, each of them adapted to the survival requirements of their surrounding.
The nematode "heterohabditis bacteriophora" is known as a useful parasite that helps gardeners to keep away pest. In codependency of bacteria which lives in the worms bodies, they are actively searching for and killing larvae in the soil. As the nematodes enter the insects body, bacteria spreads itself within the body, which leads the larva to die. This way the nematode uses the dead larva to reproduce themself.
[1] [2]
- What do nematodes need?
- Nematodes need temperatures at 12°C and higher to be in an active state. If temperatures are temporarily decreasing they get into an inaktiv mode. Additionally, they don't like direct sunlight and should be kept in humid media. According to the company e-nema nematodes should not stay in too wet conditions as they can't swim.
[3]
- What exactly are they eating?
- How are they cultivated?
- How long do they live?
- What length are they able to become?
- Do they make any noise?
- Do the react to vibration?
- Do they react to acoustic noise?
- When put in one place, how are they spreading?
- Do they leave tunnel marks?
- Do they leave any visible marks?
- Are there indicators for the toxin they are using to eat larva?
- What senses do they have?
RESEARCH
- "Results showed that modified Wouts medium and nutrient agar medium-I multiplied significantly higher numbers of 39.02 - 39.14 lakh IJs of H.. bacteriophora strain KKMH1 per 250 ml flask." [4]
- "These nematodes are characterized by their ability to carry specific pathogenic bacteria, Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditidae [...]which are released into the insect haemocoel after penetration of the insect hosts by the infective stage of the nematodes. Most biocontrol agents require days or weeks to kill the pest, but entomopathogenic nematodes with their symbiotic bacteria kill insects in 24-48 hr." [4]
- List of interesting links
- https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/parasitic-worms-paint-warning-colours-on-their-hosts-using-glowing-bacteria
- http://www.hortipendium.de/Heterorhabditis_bacteriophora
- https://www.nuetzlinge.de/produkte/freiland/heterorhabditis-bacteriophora/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photorhabdus
- http://dailyparasite.blogspot.com/2017/01/heterorhabditis-bacteriophora.html
PROJECT IDEAS
- Photographic
- Scan a "nematode world" (Colours, tracks, frozen postitions,..)
- Acoustic
- make sound out of nematodes movements
2. PREPARATION
3. REALIZATION
4. RESULTION
References
