GMU:Habitats SS18/Introduction to Habitats

Evolution and Endosymbiosis

"Endosymbiotic theory, that attempts to explain the origins of eukaryotic cell organelles such as mitochondria in animals and fungi and chloroplasts in plants was greatly advanced by the seminal work of biologist Lynn Margulis in the 1960s." [5]

Life timeline

Kingdom

• Animalia
• Plantae
• Fungi
• Protista
• Archaea
• Bacteria

Prokaryotes and Eucaryotes

Phylogenetic tree

"A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the inferred evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics." (Wikipedia, Phylogenetic tree)

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  Phylogenetic tree [1]

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  Phylogenetic tree (Whitman 2009)

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  Phylogenetic tree based on plastid [2]

Organisms

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  Euglena Gracilis [3]

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  Physarum Polycefalum

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  Drosophila Melanogaster [4]

References

• William B. Whitman (2009). "The Modern Concept of the Procaryote." JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Apr. 2009, p. 2000–2005
• fossilmuseum (2018). Endosymbiosis - The Appearance of the Eukaryotes, Available at http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Evolution/Endosymbiosis.htm