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==== '''QUESTIONS''' ==== | ==== '''QUESTIONS''' ==== | ||
:;'' | :;''What are nematodes, especially heterohabditis bacteriophora?''<br/> | ||
::Nematodes need temperatures at 12°C and higher to be in an active state. If temperatures are temporarily decreasing they get into an inaktiv mode. | ::Nematodes, also known as roundworms, are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of humid environments. There are around 20000 species, each of them adapted to the survival requirements of their surrounding.<br/>The nematode "heterohabditis bacteriophora" is known as a useful parasite that helps gardeners to keep away pest. In codependency of bacteria which lives in the worms bodies, they are actively searching for and killing larvae in the soil. As the nematodes enter the insects body, bacteria spreads itself within the body, which leads the larva to die. This way the nematode uses the dead larva to reproduce themself.<br/> <ref name="WikipediaNematodes">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematode</ref> <ref name="YT_MDRnematodes">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SN5VxSGSU5A</ref> | ||
:What exactly are they eating?<br/> | |||
:How | :;''What do nematodes need?'' | ||
::Nematodes need temperatures at 12°C and higher to be in an active state. If temperatures are temporarily decreasing they get into an inaktiv mode. Additionally, they don't like direct sunlight and should be kept in humid media. According to the company e-nema nematodes should not stay in too wet conditions as they can't swim. <br/> <ref name="YT_enemaManual">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2WVoF-Utxs</ref> | |||
:;''What exactly are they eating?''<br/> | |||
:How are they cultivated?<br/> | |||
:How long do they live?<br/> | :How long do they live?<br/> | ||
:What length are they able to become?<br/> | :What length are they able to become?<br/> | ||
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===='''RESEARCH'''==== | ===='''RESEARCH'''==== | ||
:"''Results showed that modified Wouts medium and nutrient agar medium-I multiplied significantly higher numbers of 39.02 - 39.14 lakh IJs of H.. bacteriophora strain KKMH1 per 250 ml flask.''" <ref>https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/File:2020-11-05_10.28.03.pdf</ref> | :"''Results showed that'' modified Wouts medium ''and '''nutrient agar medium-I''' multiplied significantly higher numbers of 39.02 - 39.14 lakh IJs of H.. bacteriophora strain KKMH1 per 250 ml flask.''" <ref name="EvaluationOfDifferentMedia">https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/File:2020-11-05_10.28.03.pdf</ref> | ||
:''"These nematodes are characterized by their ability to carry specific pathogenic bacteria, Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditidae [...]which are released into the insect haemocoel after penetration of the insect hosts by the infective stage of the nematodes. Most biocontrol agents require days or weeks to kill the pest, but entomopathogenic nematodes with their symbiotic bacteria kill insects in 24-48 hr."<ref>https://www. | |||
:''"These nematodes are characterized by their ability to carry specific pathogenic bacteria, Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditidae [...]which are released into the insect haemocoel after penetration of the insect hosts by the infective stage of the nematodes. Most biocontrol agents require days or weeks to kill the pest, but entomopathogenic nematodes with their symbiotic bacteria kill insects in 24-48 hr." <ref name="EvaluationOfDifferentMedia"/> | |||
:;List of interesting links | |||
::https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/parasitic-worms-paint-warning-colours-on-their-hosts-using-glowing-bacteria | |||
::http://www.hortipendium.de/Heterorhabditis_bacteriophora | |||
::https://www.nuetzlinge.de/produkte/freiland/heterorhabditis-bacteriophora/ | |||
::https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photorhabdus | |||
::http://dailyparasite.blogspot.com/2017/01/heterorhabditis-bacteriophora.html | |||
==== '''PROJECT IDEAS''' ==== | ==== '''PROJECT IDEAS''' ==== | ||
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==2. PREPARATION== | ==2. PREPARATION== | ||
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