Application Types

Application Types

Native iPhone Applications:

• based on Cocoa Touch
• written in Objective-C

iPhone Web-based Apps:

• Website optimized for iPhone
• written in HTML, CSS, JavaScript(, PHP)
• usable as App via "WebClip"

Hybrid Applications:

• mixed Cocoa Touch & Web App

• Apple iPhone HIG: What are your options?

Application Styles

Apples Human Interface Guidlines beschreiben drei mögliche Stile für Applikationen:

• Apple iPhone HIG: Three Application Styles

Productivity Apps

• Hierarchical Info
• Usually UITableView
• extremely consistent with HIG
• eg. Mail

Utility Apps

• Specific info with as little interaction as possible
• Usually using the small "i" to flip views
• neater Design (eg. custom TableRows)
• nevertheless very consistent with HIG
• eg. Weather

Immersive Apps

• Custom Interface
• low inforcement of Apple's HIG
• eg. Racing Game

Drawing Methods

Es gibt drei gundsätzlich verschiedene Methoden, um den "Anzeige-Part" in einer iPhone App darzustellen.

UIViews

• Gewöhnliche Komponenten, die in Interface Builder arrangiert werden
• z.B. UITableView, UIWebView, UIButtons, UITextField, UISlider, UIPickerView ...

Beispiel (UITableView subclass):

- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    // In order to show a new view, we'll create a new view controller instance
    // and push it onto the views stack of the Navigation Controller
    RecipeDetailViewController *detailViewController = 
         [[RecipeDetailViewController alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewStyleGrouped];
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:detailViewController animated:animated];
    [detailViewController release];
}

Quartz 2D

• Einfaches, zweidimensionales Zeichnen
• Painting-on-Canvas Methode: übereinanderlagern durch Position im Quellcode
• iPhone Dev Center: Quartz 2D Programming Guide

Beispiel (UIView sublcass):

- (void)drawRect:(NSRect)rect {
    CGContextRef myContext = [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] graphicsPort];
   // ********** Your drawing code here **********
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 1, 0, 0, 1);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (0, 0, 200, 100 ));
    CGContextSetRGBFillColor (myContext, 0, 0, 1, .5);
    CGContextFillRect (myContext, CGRectMake (0, 0, 100, 200));
  }

Open GL

• Komplexes, dreidimensionale Strukturen
• Standartisierte OpenGL Sprache (Subset für iPhone)
• iPhone Dev Center: OpenGL ES Programming Guide

Beispiel (UIView subclass w. custom timer):

- (void) render {
    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context];

    glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, defaultFramebuffer);
    glViewport(0, 0, backingWidth, backingHeight);
    
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
	glLoadIdentity();
    glTranslatef(0.0f, (GLfloat)(sinf(transY)/2.0f), 0.0f);
	transY += 0.075f;
	
    glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    
    glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, squareVertices);
    glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
    glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, squareColors);
    glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
    
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
    
    glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, colorRenderbuffer);
    [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES];
}

-(void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication*)application {
    // (...)
    animationTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)((1.0 / 60.0) * animationFrameInterval)
        target:self 
        selector:@selector(render)
        userInfo:nil 
        repeats:TRUE];
}

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Diese Seite ist Teil des Werkmoduls iOS Development von Michael Markert für Interface Design / Fakultät Medien an der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar.